When is Picky Eating a Problem?

We’ve all met picky eaters, like a toddler who will only eat blueberries and Goldfish. But when is being a picky eater a problem? Let’s talk about ARFID – a lesser-known eating disorder. ARFID stands for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. 

According to Dr. Annum Rentiya, a psychologist at Sheppard Pratt's Center for Eating Disorders, “ARFID is a pattern of limited and restricted eating. A person might only be willing to eat five or 10 foods. They might refuse entire food groups, categories, or textures. That food restriction often leads to issues with development and growth because a person’s nutritional needs are not being met.” 

Signs and Symptoms of ARFID 

When someone has ARFID, anxiety is usually the root of the problem. The common signs and symptoms of ARFID include: 

• Severe anxiety around mealtime 
• Lack of interest in food and low appetite 
• Weight loss and nutritional deficiencies 
• Refusing certain food categories 
• Avoiding social activities involving food 

How is ARFID different from picky eating? 

The biggest difference between ARFID and picky eating is how severe the anxiety is.  

“A person with ARFID will have visible anxiety around eating. People with ARFID truly can’t tolerate food that isn’t preferred. They might choke on it, make gagging noises, or even throw up. Picky eaters can usually try different foods,” explains Dr. Rentiya. 

Another difference is how long it lasts. “ARFID isn’t ‘just a phase.’ It persists throughout the years. Kids tend to grow out of picky eating,” says Dr. Rentiya. 

When is picky eating a problem? 

Picky eating might be frustrating, but it isn’t a problem. If your child or loved one is having issues with growth or weight, or their eating habits are interfering with their ability to experience daily life – that's a problem.  

A mental health provider who specializes in eating disorders can help you figure out if there is a problem. They can also recommend treatment options. 

How do you treat ARFID? 

At Sheppard Pratt, treatment is a group effort. “A psychiatrist will help address anxiety management through medication. A therapist or psychologist will provide therapy – cognitive behavioral therapy is the gold standard,” shares Dr. Rentiya. “A dietitian helps develop well-rounded meal plans. For people with sensory or motor concerns, an occupational therapist is a wonderful support.” 

If you have a loved one with ARFID, hope and help are available – and early intervention is key. Our team is here for you and your family.